Both George W. Bush and the GOP's endorsed candidate for the First (who faces a primary challenge from Dick Day) argue that drilling for oil in ANWR would lower domestic gas prices for consumers.
Really?
Yesterday afternoon, Reuters release an article analyzing the claim, which was found to be wanting: Bush drilling plan wouldn't have eased pump prices. The analysis begins:
The Bush administration
says the United States would be less addicted to foreign oil
and fuel prices would be lower if Congress had only opened up
Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to drilling.
But that claim doesn't reflect the long lead time to
develop the refuge's huge oil reserves, which would not be
available for several more years and initial volumes would
still be small if Congress in 2002 had approved the
administration's plan to drill in ANWR, energy experts say.
President George W. Bush during his first year in office
made giving energy companies access to the estimated 10 billion
barrels of crude in the refuge the centerpiece of his national
energy policy that sprouted from Vice President Dick Cheney's
controversial and secretive energy task force.
With gasoline prices soaring to records in recent weeks,
Bush has stepped up his argument that ANWR oil is a solution.
"We should have been exploring for oil and gas in ANWR," he
said last week when asked about record pump costs. "But, no, we
made the decision and our Congress kept preventing us from
opening up new areas to explore in environmentally friendly
ways and now we're becoming, as a result, more and more
dependent on foreign sources of oil."
Sounds promising, in a President Bush sort of way. But what's in the fine print? Here goes:
"They've [Congress] repeatedly blocked environmentally safe
exploration in ANWR," Bush complained to reporters on Tuesday
at a Rose Garden press conference. He said oil supplies from
the refuge "would likely mean lower gas prices."
The Energy Information Administration, which is the Energy
Department's independent analytical arm, estimated that if
Congress had cleared Bush's ANWR drilling plan the oil would
have been available to refiners in 2011, but only at a small
volume of 40,000 barrels a day -- a drop in the bucket compared
with the 20.6 million barrels the U.S. consumes daily.
At peak production, ANWR could have potentially added
780,000 barrels a day to U.S. crude oil output by 2020,
according to the EIA.
The extra supplies would have cut dependence on foreign
oil, but only slightly. With ANWR crude, imports would have met
60 percent of U.S. oil demand in 2020, down from 62 percent
without the refuge's supplies.
And it looks like it's now or never, since no major Presidential candidate wants to follow Bush's lead:
All three leading presidential candidates, Democrats Barack
Obama and Hillary Clinton and Republican John McCain, are
against oil drilling in the refuge.
And Reuter's cites the debate over whether opening ANWR in 2002 would have lowered prices, even in the future:
"Even if oil was flowing, it would be too small amount to
reduce the price" of crude or gasoline, said Daniel Weiss,
energy expert at the Center for American Progress, a think tank
in Washington.
"President Bush's claim ignores the primary causes behind
record high oil prices: a cheap dollar, high demand from China
and India, and speculators driving the price up. Drilling and
sullying the Arctic would not address any of these causes of
high oil prices," said Weiss.
White House spokesman Scott Stanzel disputed Bush has
implied ANWR oil would be available today if his drilling plan
was approved in 2002. "He didn't say my 2002 vote," Stanzel
said. However, he could not clarify whose drilling plan the
president was talking about.
Gerald Kepes, head of the upstream oil and gas practice at
the PFC Energy consulting group, said if the Interior
Department had begun leasing tracts in ANWR in 2003 the first
oil would had probably been flowing in 2012.
"This all assumes that there would be no environmental
challenges," said Kepes, as lawsuits to block drilling could
take years to resolve. "Really, 2015 is more then likely."
Opening ANWR could have made current prices worse because
Saudi Arabia may have delayed increasing its oil production
capacity, making world supplies tighter and prices higher.
"Since there is a worldwide market for oil, increases in
production in one place (like ANWR) could be offset by
decreases in production someplace else to keep the prices
high," CAP's Weiss said.
One of the curious things we've noticed is that while President Bush is pushing the idea that Congress screwed up by refusing to open ANWR back in 2002 (which might have brought 40,000 barrels a day to the market in 2011), somehow those barrels would have an impact on world oil prices.
That's fascinating given that Bush doesn't think a temporary halt in purchases for the strategic reserves now will make a difference. McClatchy reported that the President said yesterday:
. . .[Bush] said that the United States is buying only 67,000 to 68,000
barrels of oil per day for the strategic reserve, while world demand
for oil is 85 million barrels per day, so he contended that the U.S.
reserve purchases are too small to affect global pricing.
"If I
thought it would affect the price of oil positively, I would seriously
consider it," he said. "But when you're talking about one-tenth of 1
percent of global demand. ...I don't think you get any benefits from
making the decision. I do think it costs you, you know, in the case of
oil and national security risk."
Alex Koppelman at Salon's War Room suggests a rewrite for one of Bush's talking points:
. . .Bush discussed the opening of ANWR as a shorter-term solution than
biofuels or hydrogen, and said, "Somehow if you mention ANWR it means
you don't care about the environment. Well, I'm hoping now people, when
they say ANWR, it means you don't care about the gasoline prices that
people are paying."
If people ever do use Bush's chosen formulation, I hope they change it
a little to conform with reality -- I'd suggest something like, "When
they say ANWR, it means you don't care about the gasoline prices that
people will be paying 20 years from now." In 2004, the EIA released a report
saying that if Congress were to allow drilling in ANWR that year, the
oil would not actually begin flowing until 2013 and peak production
would not be reached until 2025. Even then, according to the Associated
Press, oil prices would be reduced by less than 50 cents a barrel
(assuming oil was at about $27 a barrel -- as of this post, even after
a decline, light, sweet crude for delivery in June was at $116.44 a
barrel). And "even at peak production, the EIA analysis said, the
United States would still have to import two-thirds of its oil, as
opposed to an expected 70 percent if the refuge's oil remained off the
market."
Note that the 2004 estimate of a $.50 per barrel reduction was for unrefined oil, not for gas at the pump.
Here's another way to look at the problem of fuel and energy supplies. What returns might we get from public investment into research for cellulosic, hydrogen and other renewable fuels? How might conservation reduce the demand on world energy supplies? The extremist element arguing for the abolition of CAFE standards for vehicles isn't much interested in that sort of thing.
Photo: Derrick in Keister.